Finally,
some sources may not provide any schema. This is the case of HTML Web pages.
For this situation, methods need to be developed to analyze the data and extract its
underlying structure.
Once the data has been extracted and transformed, we use metadata to link the data
with tourism ontologies. Tourism ontologies are the backbone of semantic dynamic
packaging applications and explicitly define a set of shared tourism concepts and
their interconnections. They make explicit all concepts in a taxonomical structure,
their attributes, and relations. Wrappers, information extraction, and text analysis
combine information with ontologies and thereby create metadata. These tasks can
be done automatically.
Putting a semantic layer on a syntactical architecture creates an environment where
integration issues can be upgraded to an abstract level where graphical modeling
allows a higher degree of flexibility when developing and maintaining semantic
integration.
Data Integration using a Global Data Model
One simple approach to data integration is to implement each interface to data
sources as part of individual development projects by hand coding the necessary
data conversions.
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