??? Numerical values are not expressed in a normalized way. They can be expressed
with numbers: 1, 2, and 3 or with words such as one, two, and three.
One big challenge for dynamic packaging applications is to find a solution to cope
with the nonstandardized way of describing tourism products and services. There
are no conventions or common criteria to express transportation vehicles, leisure
activities, and weather conditions when planning for a vacation; several ways were
found among all the tourism data sources consulted. Our objective is to find a solution
to surpass this lack of standardization by automatically understanding the different
ways of expressing tourism products and services. We argue that semantics
and ontologies are good candidates for dynamic packaging information systems
since they allow us to associate metadata to data sources making the data machine
understandable and processable.
E-Tourism Ontologies
Ontologies are.the key elements enabling the shift from a purely syntactic to a semantic
integration and interoperability. An ontology can be defined as the explicit
and formal descriptions of concepts and their relationships that exist in a certain
universe of discourse.
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