In specific, the Web services architecture (WSA)2 and the Web Services
Interoperability Model (WS-I)3 comprising three emerging key technologies: such
as Web Services Description Language (WSDL),4 Simple Object Access Protocol
(SOAP),5 and UDDI.6 These standards provide a common approach for defining,
publishing, and using Web services. The Web services interface is described in a
machine-processable format (specifically WSDL). Other systems and Web services
interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAPmessages,
typically conveyed using Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) with an
XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards.
In the literature, the Web services are defined as:
1. ???loosely coupled, reusable software components that semantically encapsulate
discrete functionality and are distributed and programmatically accessible over
standard Internet protocols,???7
2. ???a new breed of application, which are self-contained, self-describing, modular
applications that can be published, located, and invoked across the Web.
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