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constraints about the concept must be defined in an explicit way; finally, formal
means that ontology must be defined in a machine-readable format.
Ontology is a collection of terms and related definitions or a map of concepts where we
can forward or backward from one concept to another in a well-defined domain.
The application of the ontology in the Semantic Web was defined by Berners-Lee,
Hendler, and Lassila (2001) as ???the semantic web is not a separate web but an
extension of the current one in which information is given well-defined meaning,
better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.??? The necessity to go
over traditional Web and to go into the Semantic Web is due to the fact that the Web
contains a tremendous amount of data, information, and knowledge freely available
but poorly organized: A large amount of information is in textual format, thus it is
difficult to filter and to extract content.
Traditional Web works on information retrieval are based on keyword search and
on manual classification of the content: To reach information on the Web we need
to write a keyword on a search engine and thus to manually filter between all results
to reach the right result nearest to our goal.
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