If all modules are outsourced then a capability is
a virtual organisation of modules.
A step further is the creation of virtual capabilities: the holonic enterprise. One of
the results of the interpretation of the work by Hammer and Champy (1993) was
the Holonic Enterprise by McHugh, Merli, and Wheeler (1995). Companies work
together in a virtual space called the Holonic Enterprise (Figure 3). It is a networked
organisation where (ideally) every company does outsource its noncore business to
the other nodes (called holons). The huge obstacle at that time was the heterogeneity
of applications and computer systems. Easy integration of the processes through
ICT was quite impossible.
Fortunately, the Internet hype moved people and companies to more open standards.
Technologies such as GRID computing (Zimmerman, Tomlinson, & Peuser, 2003)
can even make the ICT infrastructure transparent to the ICT applications. GRID is
.
Figure 3.
Semant c Web Serv ces and BPEL
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