Sites map to the physical layout
of the network, such as offices, floors, and buildings, whereas a domain??™s layout can be
affected by everything from the physical structure to the political structure to the administrative
needs of a network. Organizations should split a domain into multiple sites
whenever the network will span a connection that is less than LAN speed, which has
been 100 Mbps, but increasingly is 1,000 Mbps. Because most WAN connections will be
routed, a separate IP subnet should exist on both sides of the WAN connection. For this
reason, Microsoft has mapped most site discrimination to IP subnets. Officially, a site is
a collection of ???well-connected??? (meaning LAN speed or better) Windows Server 2008
210 Microsoft Windows Server 2008: A Beginner??™s Guide
systems on the same IP subnet. Sites are managed and created using the AD Sites And
Services console.
REPLICATE ACTIVE DIRECTORY AMONG SITES
In AD, replication means the copying of directory information among domain controllers
so that they all have the same information and any of the domain controllers can be
queried with the same results. Within an AD domain, four main categories of information
require replication: configuration, schema, domain, and global catalog information.
Each of these categories is stored in separate directory partitions. These partitions are
what each AD server replicates and are used by different servers throughout the forest
depending on their role within the network.
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